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KDEKDE (K Desktop Environment) is a Free software desktop environment and development platform built with Trolltech's Qt toolkit. It runs on most Unix and Unix-like systems, such as Linux, BSD and Solaris Operating Environment. There are also ports to Mac OS X using its X11 layer and Microsoft Windows using Cygwin. Currently, large portion of primary KDE libraries (so called kdelibs, KDE The Application Development Framework) and a few applications can work Native_mode (and without a need for altering its Source_code) on Microsoft Windows, thanks to [http://wiki.kde.org/tiki-index.php?page=KDElibs+for+win32 KDElibs/win32 Project]. Ports of other KDE applications are being discussed. KDE is developed in conjunction with KDevelop, a software development suite, and KOffice, an office suite. The "K" originally stood for "Kool" ("C" as in "cool" was already given away to the Common Desktop Environment), but was changed soon after to stand simply for "K", which is ''"The first letter before 'L' (which stands for Linux) in the Latin alphabet."'' The project's mascot is a green dragon named Konqi. Konqi can be found in various applications, including when the user logs out and in the "About KDE" screen. [[Image:Kde34screenshot.png|thumb|right|350px|A typical KDE 3.4 session: Konqueror, a web browser and file manager (upper right), and amaroK, a music player (bottom left).]] ==Early history== KDE was founded in 1996 by Matthias Ettrich, who was then a student at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen. He found a number of things wrong with the Unix desktop at that time. Among his qualms, outlined in [http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=53tkvv%24b4j%40newsserv.zdv.uni-tuebingen.de a now-famous newsgroup post], were that none of the applications looked, felt, or worked alike to each other. He proposed the formation of not only a set of applications, but rather a desktop environment, in which users could expect things to look, feel, and work consistently. He also wanted to make this desktop easy to use. One of his complaints with desktop applications of the time was that his girlfriend could not use them. That post spurred a lot of interest, and the KDE project was born. Matthias chose to use the Qt toolkit as the toolkit of choice of the KDE project. Other programmers quickly started developing KDE/Qt applications, and by early 1997, large and complex applications were being released. In mid-1997, the GNU project had concerns about the licensing of Qt, leading to their founding the GNOME Desktop project and Harmony toolkit, a now-abandoned project to clone Qt. Qt was later relicensed to provide the GNU General Public License as an option, which has mitigated these concerns. There is still considerable disagreement over the use of the full GPL for a library like Qt, and the restrictions this imposes on code linking to it, such as the KDE framework and any applications written for it. Both KDE and GNOME now participate in Freedesktop.org, an effort to standardise Unix desktop interoperability, although there is still some friendly competition between them. ==Organization of the KDE project== Like many open source/free software projects, KDE is primarily a volunteer effort, although various companies, such as Novell (in the form of SUSE), Trolltech, and Mandriva employ developers to work on the project. Since a large number of individuals contribute to KDE in various ways (''e.g.'' code, translation, artwork), organization of such a project is complex. Most problems are discussed on a number of different mailing lists. Important decisions, such as release dates and inclusion of new applications, are made on the ''kde-core-devel'' list by the so-called ''core developers''. These are developers who have made significant contributions to KDE over a long period of time. Decisions are not made by a formal voting process, but by discussion on the mailing lists. In most cases this seems to work well, and major discussions (such as the question of whether the KDE 2 application programming interface should be broken in favour of KDE 3) are rare. While developers and users are now located all over the world, the project retains a strong base in Germany. The web servers are located at the universities of Tübingen and Kaiserslautern, a German non-profit organization (KDE e.V.) owns the trademark on "KDE", and KDE conferences often take place in Germany. ==Release cycle and version numbers== As the project history below shows, the KDE team releases new versions on a frequent basis. It is rare that a release is delayed for more than one or two weeks. (An exception was KDE 3.1, which was delayed for more than a month because of a number of security issues in the code base.) There are two main types of releases: ===Major release=== There have been 10 major releases: 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4. A major KDE release has two version numbers, e.g. KDE 1.1. All KDE releases in the same major version (e.g. KDE1, KDE2 and KDE3) are both binary and source-compatibility. This means for instance that software developed against KDE 3.0.x will work with all KDE3 releases. Only a major KDE release will incorporate new features. Changes requiring recompilation or porting never occur except during major version changes; this maintains a stable API for KDE application developers. The changes between KDE 1 and KDE 2 series were large and many, while the API changes between KDE 2 and KDE 3 were comparatively minor, meaning that applications could be easily ported to the new architecture. Up to now the KDE major version numbers follow the Qt release cycle. As soon as a major release is ready and announced, work on the next major release starts. A major release needs several months to be finished and many bugs that are fixed during this time are "backported" to the stable branch, meaning that these fixes are incorporated into the last stable release. The current major release is 3.4, which arrived on March 16, 2005. Following that will be 3.5, set for late 2005 with a projected focus on areas such as polish and general usability. KDE 4 will succeed 3.5 sometime in 2006, and will be based on Qt 4.0 encompassing some major changes to the desktop. ===Minor release=== A minor KDE release has three version numbers, e.g. KDE 1.1.1, and the developers focus on fixing bugs, minor glitches and small usability improvements, as opposed to adding new features. For minor releases, a shortened release schedule is used. A minor release is based on a Concurrent Versions System branch of a previous release and does not affect the "HEAD branch", the branch where the current development of the next major release takes place. new features,
bug fixes
KDE 3.2 released --------------------> KDE 3.3 (also called HEAD branch)
(new development
started) bug fixes only
--------------------> KDE 3.2 BRANCH (becoming a minor release)
The somewhat unusual name "3.0.5a" was used because of a lack of version numbers. Work on KDE 3.1 had already started and, up to that day, the release coordinator used version numbers such as 3.0.5, 3.0.6 internally in the CVS system to mark snapshots of the upcoming 3.1. Then after 3.0.3, a number of important and unexpected bug fixes suddenly became necessary, leading to a conflict, because 3.0.6 was at this time already in use. More recent KDE release cycles have tagged pre-release snapshots with large revision numbers, such as 3.1.95, to avoid such conflicts.
While development on KDE 2.x in general has stopped, important security fixes are backported to KDE 2.x, since many people still use it.
== Architecture ==
Several vital pieces of technology make up the advanced infrastructure of KDE:
* aRts - soundserver
* DCOP - system for communication between processes
* KHTML - HTML engine
* KIO - extensible network-transparent file access for KDE applications
* Kiosk (KDE) - disable features within KDE to create a more controlled environment
* KParts - lightweight in-process graphical component framework
* Kwin - window manager
* KConfigXT - takes an XML file and produces source code to manage configuration options, including classes to glue the resulting code to configuration dialogs.
* Qt toolkit - cross platform graphical widget toolkit
* XMLGUI - allows defining UI elements such as menus and toolbars via XML files
===Packaging===
Due to the size of KDE, it is packaged into several package categories to simplify installation. This is a reference scheme, packagers are free to use their own packages for KDE.
*ARts - KDE sound server.
*kdelibs - Primary libraries, containing most pieces of KDE architecture.
*kdebase - The base desktop and applications. Requires kdelibs.
*kdeaccessibility - Accessibility software.
*kdeaddons - Add-on software.
*kdeadmin - Administrative tools, intended for administering UNIX machines.
*kdeartwork - Additional artwork (widget style, screensavers, wallpapers, etc...)
*kdeedu - Educational software.
*kdegames - Games.
*kdegraphics - Tools for manipulating graphics.
*kde-i18n - Internationalization for KDE.
*kdemultimedia - Multimedia software.
*kdenetwork - Network tools and software.
*kdepim - Personal information management and E-mail software.
*kdesdk - Developer tools.
*kdetoys - Desktop Toys and Amusements.
*kdeutils - Utilities.
*kdewebdev - Web Development.
*KOffice - Office suite.
There are also on the CVS the module kdeextragear-(libs-)* which are used by applications which are part of the KDE project but which doesn't depend on the release cycle of the main codebase. For instance K3b and amaroK. More info can be found on [http://extragear.kde.org/ KDE Extra Gear Homepage].
== Major KDE applications ==
For a full list, see list of KDE applications.
Applications for KDE include :
* AmaroK - Media player
* K3b - CD and DVD burning application
* Kate (text editor) - Text editor
* KDevelop - Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
* Kexi - Integrated environment for managing data
* KMail - Email client
* KOffice - Office suite
* Konsole - Terminal emulator
* Kopete - Instant messaging
* Konqueror - File manager and web browser using KHTML
* KPresenter - Presentation program
* KSpread - Spreadsheet
* KStars - Desktop planetarium (accurate graphical simulation of the night sky)
* KWord - Word processor
==Timeline==
*14 October 1996: Project was announced by Matthias Ettrich. [http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=53tkvv%24b4j%40newsserv.zdv.uni-tuebingen.de]
*12 July 1998: [http://www.kde.org/announcements/announce-1.0.php KDE 1.0] released
*6 February 1999: KDE 1.1 released
**3 May 1999: [http://www.kde.org/announcements/announce-BW-1.1.1.php KDE 1.1.1] released
**13 September 1999: [http://www.kde.org/announcements/announce-1.1.2.php KDE 1.1.2] released (KDE 1.2 was planned, but never released)
*15 December 1999: [http://www.kde.org/announcements/announce-1.89.php KDE 1.89], aka Krash (unstable developers' release)
*23 October 2000: KDE 2.0 released
**5 December 2000: KDE 2.0.1 released
*26 February 2001: KDE 2.1 released
**27 March 2001: KDE 2.1.1 released
**30 April 2001: KDE 2.1.2 released
*15 August 2001: KDE 2.2 released
**19 September 2001: KDE 2.2.1 released
**21 November 2001: KDE 2.2.2 released
*3 April 2002: KDE 3.0 released
**22 May 2002: KDE 3.0.1 released
**2 July 2002: KDE 3.0.2 released
**19 August 2002: KDE 3.0.3 released
**9 October 2002: KDE 3.0.4 released
**18 November 2002: KDE 3.0.5 released
**21 December 2002: KDE 3.0.5a released
*28 January 2003: KDE 3.1 released
**20 March 2003: KDE 3.1.1 released
**9 April 2003: KDE 3.1.1a released
**19 May 2003: KDE 3.1.2 released
**29 July 2003: KDE 3.1.3 released
**16 September 2003: KDE 3.1.4 released
**14 January 2004: KDE 3.1.5 released
*3 February 2004: KDE 3.2 released
**9 March 2004: KDE 3.2.1 released
**19 April 2004: KDE 3.2.2 released
**9 June 2004: KDE 3.2.3 released
*19 August 2004: KDE 3.3 released
**12 October 2004: KDE 3.3.1 released
**8 December 2004: KDE 3.3.2 released
*16 March 2005: KDE 3.4 released
**31 May 2005: KDE 3.4.1 released
==See also==
*List of computing topics
*List of open-source software packages
*List of Unix programs
*freedesktop.org interoperability between KDE and GNOME
*wikibooks:Using KDE - a KDE wikibook
==External links==
*[http://www.kde.org The KDE website]
*[http://wiki.kde.org KDE Wiki]
*[http://lists.kde.org KDE mailinglists]
*[http://dot.kde.org KDE News Site]
*[http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=53tkvv%24b4j%40newsserv.zdv.uni-tuebingen.de The original project announcement (from Google Groups)]
*[http://developer.kde.org/development-versions/ KDE release schedules]
*[http://www.lynucs.org/?kde KDE screenshots]
*[http://kde-cygwin.sourceforge.net/ KDE on Windows using Cygwin]
*[http://planetkde.org/ PlanetKDE]: Aggregation of public weblogs written by contributors of KDE
*[http://kde-look.org/ KDE-Look.org]: Download unofficial KDE artwork and themes
*[http://kde-apps.org/ KDE-Apps.org]: Download unofficial KDE applications
Desktop environments
KDE
X Window System
nds:K Desktop Environment
simple:KDE
vi:KDE
KDE== Versioning == Should the KDE versions list be moved to a seperate article, leaving only the minor versions on KDE? Its getting really big, and even though I tablized it, it is still hard to read because of its size. --Anonymous :The table version isn't as good (to my taste) as the indented bulleted list, which sets out major and minor versions nicely. We can leave it here for now. Until the article hits 32k, maybe ;-) --User:David Gerard 08:43, Mar 10, 2004 (UTC) ::I noticed that the Mozilla and Mandrake article has a table, similar to what I had designed. Should there be more consistant method of presenting version histories? --User:82.32.33.67 21:53, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC) :::If it doesn't work as well here, I see no reason to change it gratuitously --User:David Gerard 22:00, Mar 11, 2004 (UTC) :::: I think that the KDE list should stay in its current stle for a few more versions, but once it gets really big like the Mozilla one then it should switch. Maybe after KDE 4 is released it would be a good time? --Anonymous :::::I would say strictly according to what seems to work. The two-level bulleted list here works because KDE has so many minor versions, for instance. --User:David Gerard 23:18, Mar 11, 2004 (UTC) == Screen Shots == Do we want a new screenshot seeing as we are now on 3.2? --Anonymous :I don't think this is necessary for now, since 3.2 uses the same default style as 3.1, namely keramik. --User:Marco Krohn 21:20, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC) == Versioning; ? == What does "about version numbers binary compatibilty, API compatible" mean? --Anonymous :Unfortunately I did not finish my additions last night, sorry. This was just meant as some keywords for me, so that I do not forget about the important points. I'll write this subsection in a moment. --User:Marco Krohn 11:18 Apr 20, 2003 (UTC) == Major KDE apps == What's the criterion for a ''major'' native applications section? Is the CVS client really a major application the way Konqueror is? If it's just a list of all native apps, it should be named accordingly. --User:David Gerard 12:18, Feb 4, 2004 (UTC) :Good question. I copied the term from the GNOME article and started adding applications which are part of the main distribution and which I considered "major". I interpreted "major" in the sense of "large". O.k. I didn't count the lines of code (LOC), but the ones I added should be all an order of a magnitude bigger than small applets and programs like kgpg or kspaceduel. Well actually this is not quite true, I just used sloccount for fun (LOC C++): : konqueror (without addons): 27.300 + (8500 for libkonq) : cervisia: 12.800 : kmail: 72.700 : kspaceduel: 3.300 : kgpg: 13.000 : kword: 46.200 : kdevelop: 234.600 : kate: 8.900 + (24.700 kdelibs/kate) : kpovmodeler: ~80.000 : kghostview: 9.800 :As a rule of thumb I would say >10.000 LOC + being part of KDE CVS is a major application. --User:Marco Krohn 21:07, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC) ::Sounds good :-) I've put in a note that it's largest by size included in the distribution. It probably needs rewording, or a better criterion if someone thinks of one. --User:David Gerard 13:36, Feb 6, 2004 (UTC) ::I removed Kexi for now (not in KOffice, not in Debian).--User:Chealer 08:58, 2005 Jan 14 (UTC) :::Kexi is part of koffice, see [http://koffice.org/kexi/]. --User:Marco Krohn 10:08, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC) :::BTW: it has >70.000 LOC == KDE Timeline == I've done a bit of rewrite (consolidate single-sentence paragraphs, tighten up the writing, grammar tweaks) and reshuffling. One question: should the timeline go at the top of the article or the bottom? Would a separate written history section make any sense? Also, does the controversy over Qt's licensing - which was a MAJOR ISSUE at the time - need any more detail? --User:David Gerard 14:26, Feb 6, 2004 (UTC) :Hi David. I looked at the changes you did this and they all are very good IMHO. The article looks much better now :-) The timeline should, for the moment, stay where it is. Having such a list at the top of an article would disturb and looks bad from an aesthetical point of view. The timeline has more the character of an appendix. Nevertheless I very much agree that it would be great to have a written section about the history of the KDE project. Within this section the Qt license contorvery should be mentioned and some part of the "KDE and GNOME" section could be incorporated too. --User:Marco Krohn 23:43, 6 Feb 2004 (UTC) == Konsole Kalendar == KonsoleKalendar is a tiny stub article at the moment, and needs some loving attention to be rescued from Votes For Deletion (see MediaWiki:VfD-KonsoleKalendar) --User:David Gerard 15:42, May 28, 2004 (UTC) :If KonsoleKalendar is a part of KDE, but folks have concern about adding it and other apps to the overall KDE article, might I suggest a KDE applications supplementary article. That would avoid stub pages like KonsoleKalendar and provide room to organize and discuss individual apps. If any description became too large, it could always be moved to a separate page. Just a thought. --User:Jeffq 23:08, 28 May 2004 (UTC) ::The article was kept. Debate archive at Talk:KonsoleKalendar/Delete. --User:Cyrius|User talk:Cyrius 06:36, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC) == Gnome vs. KDE == Shouldn't there be a section comparing and contrasting Gnome and KDE? I mean, that's one of the major disputes these days isn't it? Or at least a better description of the controversy. I know as a current Gnome user thinking of switching over, I had hoped for at least some pros and cons. --User:marudubshinki 01:32 Sunday, April 17 2005 :If you are looking for a review/shootout of GNOME and KDE, then you are in the wrong place. --User:Motor 09:22, 2005 Apr 17 (UTC) ::You don't think a comparison with its biggest competitor is relevant? Okay... --User:marudubshinki 13:19, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC) :::No, it's not relevant to Wikipedia -- which isn't about marketing or reviews. If you want a feature comparison or pros and cons of each compared to the other, or even a heated partisan fight try osnews or slashdot[...] --User:Motor 13:59, 2005 Apr 17 (UTC) ::::You forgot the KDEFree software Desktop environments KDEMaybe we could use another A, B, C... subsections for the K section as it grows up? --User:GTubio 09:46, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC) Kde#REDIRECT KDE See other meanings of words starting from letter: KKA | KB | KC | KD | KE | KF | KG | KH | KI | KJ | KL | KM | KN | KO | KP | KR | KS | KT | KU | KW | KX | KY | KZ |Words begining with Kde: KDE KDE KDE KDE Kde KDE-stub Kde-stub KDE2 KDE3 Kde3.1-screenshot.jpeg Kdeaccessibility Kdeadmin KDEAP Kdebisschop KDEB_Tower Kdeedu Kdegames Kdehl KDEN_TV_Tower Kdepim KDevelop Kdevelop Kdevoss KDE_Accessibility_Project KDE_accessibility_project Kde_domov_muj Kde_domov_muj Kde_domov_muj? Kde_domov_můj Kde_domov_můj KDE_Edutainment_Project KDE_edutainment_project KDE_logo.jpeg KDE_on_Cygwin KDE_stubs |
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